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 1774 - 1775 (0 years)
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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1774 | - 1774: Great Britain - Franz Anton Mesmer began the psychotherapeutic practice of hypnotism, which he called 'animal magnetism' and conceived it to be an actual fluid. Apparently he had some success with psychosomatic illnesses. Part of his technique seems to have been used earlier by exorcists.
- 1774: Great Britain - Parliament passes the Coercive Acts in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party
- 1774: Great Britain - Joseph Priestley isolates oxygen
- 1774: Great Britain - Georges-Louis Le Sage patents the electric telegraph.
- 1774: US - Lord Dunmore's War fought in Virginia between settlers and Shawnees.
- 1774: CA - The Quebec Act ensures the loyalty of the seigneurs and the clergy to the new regime by guaranteeing the traditional language, civil law, and faith of the subjects.
- 1774: CA - Juan Perez ordered by Spain to explore west coast; discovers Prince of Wales Island, Dixon Sound.
- 4 Sep 1774: US - Delegates from twelve colonies discuss measures for common safety, at Philadelphia. Canada and Georgia are not represented, though invited. Vermont, not being organized, is not invited.
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| 2 | 1775 | - 1775: British North America - American War of Independence begins when colonists fight British troops at Lexington.
- 1775: Great Britain - Alexander Cummings invents the flush toilet.
- 1775: Great Britain - Jacques Perrier invents a steamship.
- 1775: US - Daniel Boone leads party of settlers into Kentucky.
- 1775: CA - American troops capture Montreal, but, failing to take Quebec City or elicit local support, soon withdraw.
- 19 Apr 1775: US - The Revolutionary War begins, at Lexington.
- 1 May 1775: CA - A bust of George III is found, in Montreal, adorned with beads, cross, and mitre, with the words "Pope of Canada: Sot of England." A reward of 500 guineas does not lead to apprehension of the culprit.
- 10 May 1775: US - Ethan Allen takes Fort Ticonderoga.
- 9 Jun 1775: CA - Martial law is proclaimed in Canada.
- 21 Aug 1775: CA - Generals Schuyler and Richard Montgomery, with 1,000 Americans come to Canada, and invite the inhabitants to rebel.
- 17 Sep 1775: CA - Montgomery besieges St. Johns.
- 25 Sep 1775: CA - Attempting to take Montreal, Ethan Allan and many of his 150 followers are captured, at Longue Pointe, and are sent to England.
- 18 Oct 1775: CA - The Americans capture Chambly.
- 3 Nov 1775: CA - Hindered by Colonel Warner, of Vermont, Governor Guy Carleton cannot relieve St. Johns, which surrenders to Montgomery.
- 3 Nov 1775: CA - Invaders, under Benedict Arnold, reach the Chaudiere, almost perishing, after 52 days in the woods, from the Kennebec.
- 12 Nov 1775: CA - General Montgomery tells Montrealers that, being defenceless, they cannot stipulate terms; but promises to respect personal rights. He demands the keys of public stores, and appoints 9 a.m. tomorrow for the army's entrance, by the Recollet gate. On Nov. 13 they appropraite royal stores.
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| 3 | 1776 | - 1776: England - Common Sense published by Tom Paine
- 1776: Great Britain - Adam Smith, in The Wealth of Nations, advanced the idea that businesses survive through successful trading in pursuit of their self-interest, and that the resulting equilibrium was not by design.
- 1776: Great Britain - Wilkes introduces bill for universal male suffrage
- 1776: Great Britain - David Bushnell invents a submarine.
- 1776: Great Britain - Edward Gibbon authors Decline and Fall of Roman Empire in period to 1788
- 1776: CA/US - US Revolutionary war. United Empire Loyalists move to Upper Canada and settle (lumbering, farming starts).
- 1776: US - The eleventh Article of "Confederation and Perpetual Union" provides that: "Canada, according to this Confederation, and joining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advantages of this Union; but no other Colony shall be admitted to the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine States."
- 1776: CA - The Jesuits' College, at Quebec, converted into barracks.
- 1776: US - Common Sense by Thomas Paine (1737-1809) appears.
- 1776: NL - De armoede onder de bevolking is groot. In Nederland worden vele armenhuizen gesticht.
- 29 Apr 1776: CA/US - Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Chase and Rev. Charles Carroll, a Jesuit, urge Canadians to send delegates to Congress, promising toleration. Franklin brings a printer and press, for a newspaper, to mould public opinion. Canadians regard Franklin as an enemy, and the priests remind Father Carroll that, unlike some of the Provinces, Britain tolerates the Roman Catholic Church.
- 6 May 1776: CA - As a British fleet is in sight, the Continental Army, before Quebec, weakened by disease, retires from a superior enemy, who await reinforcements behind strong walls.
- 6 May 1776: CA - Under Guy Carleton, Quebec withstands an American siege until the appearance of a British fleet. Carleton is later knighted.
- 8 Jun 1776: US - Attempting to surprise Three Rivers, General Thompson, with 200 of 1,800 Americans, is taken prisoner.
- 16 Jun 1776: CA/US - Arnold's force has retreated from Montreal.
- 18 Jun 1776: CA - General Burgoyne finds that the Continental Army has evacuated St. Johns.
- 4 Jul 1776: USA - The American Congress passes their Declaration of Independence from Britain.
- 4 Jul 1776: US - The American colonies declare their independence. The United States Declaration of Independence is signed.
- 11 Oct 1776: US - The British are victorious on Lake Champlain.
- 13 Oct 1776: US - On Lake Champlain, Arnold runs part of his fleet ashore, to avoid capture.
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| 4 | 1777 | - 1777: Great Britain - Samuel Crompton in England invents the spinning mule capable of spinning cloth in great quantity.
- 1777: CA - Spinning mule invented to spin multiple strands of yarn.
- 4 Jul 1777: US - Near Fort Ticonderoga, General Burgoyne offers condonement if colonists lay down their arms.
- 16 Oct 1777: CA - General Burgoyne's Indian and French allies desert at the battle of Stillwater.
- 17 Oct 1777: CA - Though aware of approaching relief, Burgoyne, having promised to capitulate, and fearing annihilation by a threatened attack, signs the capitulation. During its first session the Canadian Council passes sixteen ordinances, adopts English Commercial law, and constitutes itself a Court of Appeal, with final resort to the Privy Council in England.
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| 5 | 1778 | - 1778: Great Britain - James Cook explores Hawaiian Islands. He fails to locate Northwest Passage from Alaskan side and is killed in Hawaii the following year
- 1778: Europe - Naval war with France, Spain and Holland ally with France during period to 1783
- 1778: US - First treaty between the United States and an Indian nation is negotiated with the Delaware; they are offered the prospect of statehood
- 1778: US - British and Iroquois forces attack and massacre American settlers in western New York and Pennsylvania.
- 1778: US - The American colonies ally with France.
The English overrun the southern states, but are weakened by a French blockade of shipping.
- 29 Mar 1778: CA - British Captain James Cook explores Alaskan coast, seeking Northwest Passage back to the Atlantic. On the last of three voyages to the west coast, he travels as far north as the Bering Strait and claims Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island for the British. While there, he trades for sea otter pelts.
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| 6 | 1779 | - 1779: Great Britain - The rise of Wyvill's Christopher Wyvill's radical Yorkshire Association Movement
- 1779: CA - At a Parliamentary investigation, General Burgoyne charges failure to the Canadian forces and to St. Luc, commander of the Indians.
- 1779: US - A retaliatory U.S. campaign destroys Indian towns and crops, breaking the Iroquois League's power.
- 1779: US - The American colonies ally with Spain.
- 1779: US - James Cook killed by Hawaiian natives, cutting short his search for Northwest Passage.
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| 7 | 1780 | - 1780: Great Britain - The Gordon Riots develop from a procession to petition parliament against the Catholic Relief Act (1778)
- 1780: Southampton, England - Gervinus invents the circular saw.
- 1780: Great Britain - Country banks rise in number from less than 300 to over 700 in period to 1815
- 1780: Great Britain - The Bowler Hat appears in England.
- 1780: CA/US - Quakers begin the Underground Railroad to smuggle slaves to freedom in Canada.
- 1780: NL - De Vierde Engelse Zeeoorlog.
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| 8 | 1781 | - 1781: Great Britain - Frederick William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus by its movement, although at the time he supposed it to be a comet
- 1781: Great Britain - Matthew Boulton and James Watt produce an improved steam engine with rotary motion achieving significant impact - it means that manufacturers are no longer restricted to site with natural power (i.e., water, wood for charcoal)
- 1781: US - American independence is assured by the British surrender at Yorktown. Gen. George Washington leads the Colonial army against the British.
- 1781: US - By the Articles of Confederation, Congress controls the western lands.
- 1781: NL - William Herschel ontdekt de planeet Uranus.
- 2 Feb 1781: CA/US - Ethan Allen receives a further proposal from Col. Robinson; but sends both to Congress, with a request for the recognition of Vermont. Premising loyalty to Congress, he maintains that Vermont may properly treat with Great Britain, to prevent being subjected to another State, by the authority of a Government which Vermonters have helped to establish.
- Apr 1781: Col. Ira Allen is sent to Canada to arrange an exchange of prisoners.
- 1 May 1781: CA/US - Receiving proposals for Vermont's independnece, Col. Ira Allen temporizes to prevent invasion and enable the farmers to sow seed for another crop.
- 20 Aug 1781: CA/US - As a condition of Vermont's admission to the Union, Congress fixes boundaries which offend both Vermont and New York.
- Sep 1781: US - British proposals to Vermont include a Legislature of two branches.
- 17 Oct 1781: USA - The Americans obtain a great victory of British troops at the Siege of Yorktown
- 19 Oct 1781: US - Vermont declines Congress' terms.
- 14 Nov 1781: US - Governor Chittenden answers General Washington that, notwithstanding Vermont's interest in the common cause, the people would rather join British Canadians than be subject to New York.
- 18 Dec 1781: US - Troops sent from New York, to coerce New Hampshire grantees, learn that they will defend their rights.
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| 9 | 1782 | - 1782: Ireland - Ireland obtains short-lived parliament
- 1782: US - A smallpox epidemic hits the Sanpoil of Washington.
- 1782: CA - In the course of this year John Molson, the future pioneer of Canadian steam navigation, arrives in Canada
- 1782: CA - Councillor Finlay proposes to establish English schools in Canadian parishes, and to prohibit using the French language in the Law Courts after a certain time.
- 1 Jan 1782: US - Threatened by three hostile forces, Vermont is advised by Gen. George Washington, a skilled surveyor, to limit jurisdiction to undisputed territory.
- 22 Feb 1782: US - Vermont accepts the prescribed delimination.
- 1 Mar 1782: US - It is proposed, in Congress, to treat Vermont as hostile, failing submission to the terms of 20th August, 1781, and to divide it between New York and New Hampshire, along the ridge of the Green Mountains; and that the Commander-in-chief employ the Congressional forces to further this resolution.
- 22 Mar 1782: Great Britain - Lord North's government collapses
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| 10 | 1783 | - 1783: Great Britain - Joseph Michel and Jacques Étienne Montgolfier invented the first practical hot air balloon.
- 1783: Great Britain - Fox-North coalition established
- 1783: Great Britain - Britain recognises American independence at the Treaty of Paris.
- 1783: Ireland - Act of Renunciation gives Ireland rights in legislation and judication
- 1783: Great Britain - William Pitt the Younger becomes Prime Minister, simplifies taxes and customs duties, tries to pacify Ireland, abolish slave-trading and laws preventing Catholics holding office; returns Florida and Minorca to Spain and Senegal to France
- 1783: Great Britain - Englishman Henry Cort invents the Rolling Mill for steel production.
- 1783: Great Britain - Sébastien Lenormand demonstrates the first parachute.
- 1783: Great Britain - Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock.
- 1783: US - American independence is formally recognized at the Treaty of Paris.
- 1783: CA/US/UK - The success of the rebellious 13 American colonies leaves the British with the poorest remnants of their New World empire and the determination to prevent a second revolution. However, they have to accommodate the roughly 50,000 refugees from the American Revolution who settle in Nova Scotia and the upper St. Lawrence. These United Empire Loyalists soon begin to agitate for the political and property rights they had previously enjoyed in the thirteen colonies.
- 1783: CA/US - Treaty of Paris gives Americans fishing rights off Newfoundland, but not to dry or cure fish on land.
- 1783: CA - More than 5,000 Blacks leave the United States to live in the Maritimes, Quebec and Ontario. Having sided with the British during the American War of Independence, they come to Canada as United Empire Loyalists, some as free men and some as slaves. Although promised land by the British, they receive only varying amounts of poor-quality land, and, in fact, some receive none at all.
- 1783: CA - In Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Rose Fortune becomes Canada's first policewoman.
- 1783: CA/US - The border between Canada and the U.S. is accepted from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake of the Woods.
- 1783: CA - In the area around the mouth of the St. John River, those who fled the thirteen American colonies by 1783 are called United Empire Loyalists. Those who arrive after 1783 are called Late Loyalists.
- 1783: CA - Pennsylvania Germans begin moving into southwestern Ontario.
- 1783: US - Vermont delays entering the Union, because Congress is partial to New York, and because of the General Government's indebtedness, for which Vermont is not bound.
- 20 Jan 1783: US/UK - Preliminaries of peace are signed between Great Britain and the United States.
- 2 Apr 1783: Great Britain - William Bentinck, Duke of Portland Prime minister (Whig)
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| 11 | 1784 | |
| 12 | 1785 | - 1785: Great Britain - William Pitt's motion for Parliamentary Reform is defeated
- 1785: Great Britain - Charles-Augustin de Coulomb invents the torsion balance.
- 1785: Great Britain - Blanchard invents a working parachute.
- 1785: Great Britain - Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom.
- 1785: France - Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching.
- 1785: Scotland - Glasgow triples in size, has 54 cotton mills in full work during period to 1818
- 1785: USA - Oliver Evans of Newport, Delaware invented the automatic flour-milling machinery that revolutionized the industry.
- 1785: UK - Introduction of Power loom in England for weaving cloth
- 1785: CA - The city of Saint John, New Brunswick is incorporated. Fredericton opens a Provincial Academy of Arts and Sciences, the germ of the University of New Brunswick (1859).
- 1785: CA - New Brunswick is separated from Nova Scotia
- 1785: CA - Du Calvet proposes Canadian representation in the British Parliament, three members, each, for the Districts of Quebec and Montreal.
- 1785: CA - To a proposed Elective Legislature, it is objected that French Canadians do not wish to change their customary laws, and that there are not enough fit men to compose a Legislature.
- 1785: CA - Isaac Brock takes command of the 49th Foot, which would be the backbone of the British Empire forces in Canada during the War of 1812.
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| 13 | 1786 | - 1786: Great Britain - The Eden commercial treaty with France is drawn up
- 1786: Pennsylvania, USA - John Fitch invents a steamboat.
- 1786: CA - New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland allowed to import goods from the United States.
- 1786: CA - John Molson founds his first brewery in Montreal.
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| 14 | 1787 | - 1787: Windsor, Great Britain - In Windsor Great Park, King George III alights from carriage and addresses oak tree as King of Prussia, but eventually recovers from this attack of dementia; first colonies in Australia, first iron boat launched
- 1787: CA - Prince William Henry (future William IV) lands at Quebec.
- 1787: CA - The Toronto Purchase was an agreement between the British crown and the Mississaugas of New Credit in 1787. The Mississaugas of New Credit exchanged for 250,808 acres (101,528 hectares) of land in Toronto for 149 barrels of goods and a small amount of cash. A revision of the deal was made in 1805.
The land sold consists of:
former city of Etobicoke, Ontario
former city of North York, Ontario
former city of Toronto, Ontario
west end of the former city of Scarborough, Ontario
former city of York, Ontario
former city of East York, Ontario
City of Vaughan, Ontario
King Township
Western end of Markham, Ontario (or Thornhill, Ontario)
Western end of Whitchurch
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| 15 | 1788 | - 1788: Great Britain - Time to travel from London to Manchester reduced from 4.5 days to 28 hours
- 1788: CA - Attorney-General Monk and Solicitor-General Williams are of opinion that, as the Jesuits have no civil existence as a Canadian corporation, their estates accrue to the Crown.
- 1788: CA - Ontario is divided into five districts, under English law.
- 22 Jan 1788: Great Britain - Birth of Lord Byron (died 1824)
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| 16 | 1789 | - 1789: France - French Revolution, Louis XVI, many aristocrats and others executed, France declares war on European monarchies
- 1789: France - The guillotine is invented.
- 1789: Great Britain - The French Revolution sounded the death knoll toward elaborate and affected dress and hairdos. The powdered wig and towering women's hair styles passed from fashion. Simpler, more practical clothes emerged. Boys wore the skeleton suit, often with a comfortable open collar, and by the end of the century with plebian long trousers.
- 1789: USA - Thomas Jefferson brought a pasta making machine back with him when he returned to America after serving as ambassador to France.
- 1789: Switzerland - Dr. Pierre Ordinaire creates an absinthe elixir
- 1789: For the next 4 years, Alexander Mackenzie of Canada, seeking northern river route to the Pacific, travels to the Arctic Ocean; on second journey he crosses continent by land, making contact with many tribes.
- 1789: FR - The French Revolution begins
- 1789: CA - Lord Grenville proposes that lands in Upper Canada be held in free and common soccage, and that the tenure of Lower Canadian lands be optional with the inhabitants.
- 1789: NL - George Washington wordt de eerste President van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika.
- 1789: NL - Bestorming van de Bastille en het begin van de Franse Revolutie.
- 30 Apr 1789: USA - George Washington first president of the United States 1789-1797.
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